LINK [1] P. Otlet, Monde: essaie d’universalisme-connaissance du monde; sentiment du monde; action organisée et plan du monde, Brussels, du Mundaneum, Ed., 1935: http://www.laetusinpraesens.org/docs/otlethyp.php

LINK [2] From 1990-1999 the WWW grew from 100 thousand to 200 million users. In spite of the dot.com bust, since 2000, the WWW has grown to 888,681,131 users of the fixed Internet (as of Mar. 24, 2005). Earlier concerns about finding enough hits have faded into the background.

LINK [3] For an introduction see: W. McCarty, “A serious beginner’s guide to hypertext research”: http://www.kcl.ac.uk/humanities/cch/wlm/essays/diy/hyperbib.html; Willard McCarty, Home Page: http://www.kcl.ac.uk/humanities/cch/wlm/. For a survey of the state of the art in bibliographic control, see: A. G. Taylor, “The Organization of Information,” Westport, CT, Libraries Unlimited, Libraries and Information Sciences Text Series, 2003.

LINK [4] Cf. the WWW’s Annotea project.

LINK [5] P. Cimiano, S. Handschuh, and S. Staab, “Towards the Self-Annotating Web,” Proc. of the Thirteenth World Wide Web Conf. (WWW 2004), N.Y., pp. 462-471, May 17-22, 2004. This paper proposes PANKOW Pattern-based Annotation through Knowledge on the Web), a method which employs an unsupervised, pattern-based approach to categorize instances with regard to an ontology.

LINK [6] R. Busa, Index Thomisticus: Sancti Thomae Aquinatis operum omnium indices et concordantiae, Stuttgart-Bad Canstatt: Friedrich Fromann Verlag G<00FC>nther Holzboog KG, 1974. Thomae Aquinatis opera omnia, cum hypertextibus in CD-ROM, Milano: Editoria Elettronica Editel, 1992. Cf. Thomism Today: Europe Video (transcript online below): http://www.innerexplorations.com/catchmeta/Thom.htm. J. Tomarchio, “Computer Linguistics and Philosophical Interpretation,” Paideia: http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Meth/MethToma.htm.

LINK [7] Corso Interuniversitario di Lessicologi aed Ermeneutica Tomistiche Computerizzate, Anno Accademico 2003-2004, Rome: http://www.unigre.it/pug/cael/cael.htm.

LINK [8] Shane Houdek, Classics and the Electronic Medium, Department of English, University of Minnesota, English 3960, Junior-Senior Seminar: Electronic Text, Spring, 1996: http://mh.cla.umn.edu//houdek.html.

LINK [9] Thesaurus Linguae Graecae: http://www.tlg.uci.edu/. Another of the pioneers in the TLG was Theodore Brunner (1913-1994).

LINK [10] The Dictionary of Old English, Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto : http://www.doe.utoronto.ca/.

LINK [11] Records of Early English Drama: http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~reed/reed.html.

LINK [12] (Systémes) Grafnetix Systems Inc., “In Memory of Yuri Rubinsky”: http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/yuriMemCSSC.html; J. Seybold, “Yuri Rubinsky”(1952-1996) : http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/seyboldYuri.html.

LINK [13] SoftQuad (Toronto) was founded in 1984, sold to Corel (Ottawa) in 2001, which was bought by Vector Capital (San Francisco) in 2003.

LINK [14] http://www.tei-c.org/. This now has the buzz-phrase “yesterday’>s information tomorrow.” For an insight into early challenges see a report (1994) by the TEI’s editor in chief, Michael Sperberg McQueen (1988-2000), “Trip Report Berkeley and Irvine, California, Mar.8-13 , 1994”: http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/ED/edw44.txt.

LINK [15] OASIS. Cover Pages, “Academic Applications, SGML/XML: Academic Applications. Contents”: http://xml.coverpages.org/acadapps.html#tll. Pioneers in the field include Ian Lancashire, Homepage: http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~ian/. L. Burnard, Homepage: http://users.ox.ac.uk/~lou/. Manfred Thaller, Homepage: http://www.hki.uni-koeln.de/people/thaller/mt.html.

LINK [16] Consortium for Latin Lexicography, “The electronic version of the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae,”1997: http://web.archive.org/web/19981203074340/www. cs.usask.ca/faculty/devito/e-TLL/.

LINK [17] A. DeVito, “Developing an Electronic Thesaurus Linguae Latinae,” Consortium for Latin Lexico-graphy, July, 1995: http://xml.coverpages.org/tll-ach.html.

LINK [18] M. Madin, “Buddhist Studies Digital Library,” Academic Info Inc., 2005: http://www.academicinfo.net/buddhismlibrary.html.

LINK [19] C.-C. Chen and J. Z. Wang, “Large Scale Emperor Digital Library and Semantics-Sensitive region Based Material”: http://www-db.stanford.edu/~wangz/project/imsearch/SIMPLIcity/DLOC/chen.pdf.

LINK [20] EVA2002 Beijing Draft Outline Programme: http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn /docsn /cbx /5academic /conference /2002 /eva1 /schedule.html.

LINK [21] The Oxford text Archive: http://ota.ahds.ac.uk/.

LINK [22] F. Marburg, “Bildindex der Kunst und Architektur”:http://www.bildindex.de/rx/apsisa.dll/init?sid= {63c57939-0373-49da- a0cb- 84cc87466e7b}&cnt= 84020&%3Asysprotocol= http%3A&%3Asysbrowser= ie6&%3Alang= de&.

LINK [23] G. Crane, “The Perseus Digital Library”, Tufts University: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/.

LINK [24] Max Planck Institut für europäische Rechtsgeschichte, “Bibliothek”: http://www.mpier.uni-frankfurt.de/dlib. Cf. M. Thaller, “From the Digitized to the Digital Library”, D-Lib Magazine, vol. 7, no. 2, Feb., 2001. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february01/thaller/02thaller.html.

LINK [25] CEEC (Codicis Electronici Ecclesaie Coloniensis): http://www.ceec.uni-koeln.de/.

LINK [26] C. van Assche, “New Media Encyclopaedia ,” Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, 2005: http://www.newmedia-art.org/.

LINK [27] Netzspannung.org: http://netzspannung.org/index_flash.html.

LINK [28] Prometheus: http://www.prometheus-bildarchiv.de/.

LINK [29] One Look Dictionary Search: http://www.onelook.com/.

LINK [30] The electronic Oxford English Dictionary was developed at Waterloo University and led to the development of the Open Text Corporation. Which as since developed “the Livelink ECM Platform, an integrated framework that combines a shared content repository with user, content, and process services in a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA).” Open Text Corporation: http://www.opentext.com/.

LINK [31] Oxford English Dictionary: http://www.oed.com/subscribe/individuals-rw.html.

LINK [32] Thomson Dialog, “Sources”: http://www.dialog.com/sources/.

LINK [33] Association of Research Libraries (ARL), “Framing the Issue: Open Access”: http://www.arl.org/scomm/open_access/framing.html.

LINK [34] S. Harnad, “Scholarly Skywriting and the Prepublication Continuum of Scientific Inquiry,” Psychological Science, 1, pp. 342-343 (reprinted in Current Contents, 45, pp. 91-13, Nov. 11, 1991). http://cogprints.org/1581/00/harnad90.skywriting.html.

LINK [35] P. Ginsparg, “Creating a global knowledge network,” Invited contribution for Conf. held at UNESCO HQ, Paris, Feb. 19-23, 2001, Second Joint ICSU Press-UNESCO Expert Conf. on Electronic Publishing in Science, during session Responses from the scientific community, Tue. 20 Feb., 2001. http://arxiv.org/blurb/pg01unesco.html.

LINK [36] arXiv monthly submission rate statistics: http://arxiv.org/show_monthly_submissions.

LINK [37] arXiv.org e-Print archive: http://arxiv.org/. Front for the Mathematics ArXiv , University of California (UC) Davis: http:// front. math. ucdavis.edu/.

LINK [38] A. Vance, “Los Alamos lends open source hand to life sciences,” The Register, June 23, 2003: http://www.theregister.com/2003/06/29/los_alamos_lends_open_source/.

LINK [39] MPI, “Preprints of the MPI”: http://www.mpim-bonn.mpg.de/html/preprints/preprints.html

LINK [40] Max Planck Gesellschaft, “Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities,” Conf. on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities, Berlin, Oct. 20-22, 2003: http://www.zim.mpg.de/openaccess-berlin/berlindeclaration.html. Max Planck Gesellschaft, “Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities,” Conf. on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities, Berlin, Oct. 20-22, 2003:, Conference Synopsis: http://www.zim.mpg.de/openaccess-berlin/.

LINK [41] European Cultural Heritage Online (ECHO). Open Access Infrastructure for a Future Web of Culture and Science: http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/home.

LINK [42] CODATA XIX, Int. Conf., The Information society: New Horizons for Science, Berlin, Nov. 7-10, 2004: http://www.wsis-si.org/CODATA/codata-samassekou-en.pdf.

LINK [43] SPARC, Europe: http://www.sparceurope.org/.

LINK [44] Public Library of Science: www.plos.org.

LINK [45] DARE (Digital Academic Repositories): http://www.darenet.nl/nl/page/language.view/home. L. Waaijers, “By them going, pathways are growing, DARE; a work in progress,” SURF, Mar. 7, 2005: http://64.233.183.104 /search?q=cache :Hz1ECridCaQJ:www.lib.helsinki.fi /finnoa /esitykset /Waaijers_Helsinki2004.ppt +leo+waaijers +surf +dare&hl=en.

LINK [46] L. Waaijers, “By them going, pathways are growing, DARE; a work in progress,” SURF, Mar. 7, 2005: 6 projects. CoMa: Copyright Management’, Universiteit van Tilburg. ‘DARC: Distributed Africana Repositories Community,’ Universiteit Leiden. ‘P-Web: een tool voor het online publiceren van proceedings,’ Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam. ‘Scripties Online,’ Universiteit Twente; Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam; Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. ‘Stroomlijning en digitalisering van het review proces,’ Wageningen Universiteit ‘Universitair Wetenschappelijk Archief (UWA),’ Universiteit van Amsterdam.

LINK [47] National Institutes of Health, Public Access: http://www.nih.gov/about/publicaccess/.

LINK [48] S. Pincock, “RCUK draft mandates open access,” The Scientist, June 23, 2005: http://www.the-scientist.com/news/20050623/01.

LINK [49] Association of Research Libraries (ARL), “Framing the Issue: Open Access”: http://www.arl.org/scomm/open_access/framing.html.

LINK [50] ProQuest. Information and Learning Company:http://www.proquest.co.uk/products/ch_titlelists.html.

LINK [51] ProQuest. Information and Learning Company, About UMI: http://www.il.proquest.com/umi/ab-about.shtml.

LINK [52] ProQuest. Information and Learning Company: http://www.il.proquest.com/umi/ab-about.shtml.

LINK [53] Early English Books Online, “About EEBO”: http://eebo.chadwyck.com/marketing/about.htm.

LINK [54] Early English Books Online, “Text Creation Partnership”: http://www.lib.umich.edu /tcp /eebo /partner /partner_pricing.html. Pricing for the Text Creation partnership.

LINK [55] PR Newswire, “ProQuest Acquires ExploreLearning,” Cold Fusion Developer’s Journal, Mar. 1, 2005: http://cfdj.sys-con.com/read/62085.htm.

LINK [56] ProQuest, Annual Report, 2004: http://www.proquestcompany.com/investor2/ar2004.shtml.

LINK [57] Google, “Library Project”: http://print.google.com/googleprint/library.html. Google, “Google Checks Out Library Books”: http://www.google.com/press/pressrel/print_library.html. Even within the US there is also opposition to the Google vision. Kimberley A. Kicheniuk, “Google Begins Digitalization”: http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=507937.

LINK [58] D. Welle, European Libraries Fight Google-ization, Apr. 27, 2005: http://www.dw-world.de /dw /article /0,1564, 1566717, 00.html.

LINK [59] Yahoo’s announcement of paid subscriptions for deep search on June 17 2005 is seen by some as a sign of things to come. Editor, “Yahoo ‘deep search’, ” The Bosh, June 17, 2005: http://thebosh.com/archives/2005/06/yahoo_deep_sear.php.

LINK [60] “About the NGI”: http://www.ngi.gov/.

LINK [61] Internet2: http://www.internet2.edu/.

LINK [62] Jacqueline Brown, “Pacific Wave, Pacific Light Rail and National Light Rail,” CANS2002, Shanghai, Aug. 22, 2002: www.oit.umd.edu/projects/cans/2002/Presentations/Brown.ppt.

LINK [63] IEEE, “WG12: Learning Object Metadata”: http://ltsc.ieee.org/wg12/.

LINK [64] SCORM: http://www.rhassociates.com/scorm.htm.

LINK [65] See for instance the author’s, “American Visions of the Internet”: http://www.sumscorp.com/articles/html/visions_22_dec.htm.

LINK [66] http://www.eff.org/.

LINK [67] http://www.lessig.org/blog/.

LINK [68] CNI, “Clifford A. Lynch, CNI’s Executive Director, Publications”: http://www.cni.org/staff/clifford_publications.html. See especially: C. A. Lynch, “The Battle to Define the Future of the Book in the Digital World,” First Monday vol. 6 no. 6, June, 2001; C. A. Lynch, “The New Context for Bibliographic Control in the New Millennium,” Bicentennial Conf. for the New Millennium: Confronting the Challenge of Networked resources and the Web, Washington, D.C, Nov. 15-17, 2000.

LINK [69] M. Giesecke, Der Buchdruck in der frühen Neuzeit-Eine historische Fallstudie über die Durchsetzung neuer Informations-undKommunikationstechnologien. Frankfurt/ Main (Suhrkamp) 1991, 2. Aufl., 1994; durchgesehene und mit einem Nachwort versehene Ausgabe 1998. Cf. Michale Giesecke, Homepage: http://www.michael-giesecke.de/giesecke/menue/index_h.html.

LINK [70] J.-C. Guédon (Université de Montréal), “In Oldenburg’s Long Shadow: Librarians, Research Scientists, Publishers, and the Control of Scientific Publishing:” http://www.arl.org/arl/proceedings/138/guedon.html.

LINK [71] “Le savoir, un bien public mondial”: http://www.freescape.eu.org/biblio/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=11;http://2100.org/conf_queau1a.html. This idea has also been explored in the present author’s Augmented Knowledge and Culture, University of Calgary Press, 2005 (in press).

LINK [72] JISC, “Building a Virtual Research Environment for the Humanities (BVREH)”: http://www.jisc.ac.uk/index.cfm?name=vre_bvreh&src=alpha.

LINK [73] G. Fox and D. Walker, “e-Science Gap Analysis,” UKeS,-2003-01: http://www.nesc.ac.uk/technical_papers/UKeS-2003-01/.

LINK [74] Maisons Science de l’Homme, “Centres, réseaux, associations de recherche hébergés ou domiciliés”: http://www.msh-paris.fr/la_recherche/centres_recherche/cr_autres.htm.

LINK [75] BNF, “A Major Project. 1988-1994: From a major project to the new Bibliothéque nationale de France”: http://www.bnf.fr/site_bnf_eng/connaitrgb/projetgb.htm.

LINK [76] BNF, “Gallica: about the Project”: http://gallica.bnf.fr/FranceAmerique/en/D1/T1-1-Intro.htm.

LINK [77] V. Khanna “French cry havoc over Google’>s library plans,” Library Staff Blog, Mar. 28, 2005: http://www.library.upenn.edu /blos /staffweb /Current_Readings /french_cry_havoc _over_ googles_ library_plans.html.

LINK [78] “French To Provide Alternative To Google Library Project,” Web Rank Info., Mar. 17, 2005: http://www.webrankinfo.com/english/seo-news/topic-2267.htm.

LINK [79] D. Welle, European Libraries Fight Google-ization, Apr. 27, 2005: http://www.dw-world.de /dw /article /0,1564, 1566717,00.html.

LINK [80] EDRI-gram, Initiative European Libraries to Digitise Books, no. 3.9, 4 May 2005: http://www.edri.org/edrigram/number3.9/digilibrary.

LINK [81] “Over 11m Digital Records Now Available At European Library,” Managing Information News, May 31, 2005: http://www.managinginformation.com/news/content_show_full.php?id=3893.

LINK [82] Europa, “Viviane Reding Member of the European Commission responsible for Information Society and Media i2010,” Europe Must Seize the Opportunities of the Digital Economy. Press Conf. on the occasion of the launch of the initiative European Information Society 2010, Brussels, June, 1 2005”: http://europa.eu.int /rapid /pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH /05/312&format=HTML&aged=0&language =EN&guiLanguage=en; “New ‘i2010’ programme to unleash digital services in the EU,” Euractiv.com: http://www.euractiv.com/Article?tcmuri=tcm:29-134976-16&type=News.

LINK [83] To close the gap between the information society “haves and have nots,” the Commission will propose: an Action Plan on e-Government for citizen-centred services, 2006; three “quality of life” ICT flagship initiatives (technologies for an ageing society, intelligent vehicles that are smarter, safer and cleaner, and digital libraries making multimedia and multilingual European culture available to all, 2007; and actions to overcome the geographic and social “digital divide,” culminating in a European Initiative on e-Inclusion, 2008, UNI Global, EU: Launches new EuropeanCommunications strategy “i2010”: http://www.union-network.org/unitelecom.nsf/0/5e33c14432197c30c125701400269b61?OpenDocument.

LINK [84] For a discussion of the problems involved see the author’s: Towards a Semantic Web for Culture, JoDI (J. of Digital Information), Special issue on New Applications of Knowledge Organization Systems, vol. 4 no. 4, Article no. 255, Mar. 15, 2004: http://jodi.ecs.soton.ac.uk/Articles/v04/i04/Veltman/.

LINK [85] Recently Sir Tim Berners-Lee it in an interview with Andrew Updegrove explicitly stated that this direction was not the goal of the W3C: http://www.consortiuminfo.org/bulletins/semanticweb.php.

LINK [86] J. Weizenbaum, Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment To Computation, San Francisco, W. H. Freeman, 1976.

LINK [87] See: G. Fjermedal, The Tomorrow Makers, A Brave New World of Living Brain Machines, Redmond, Tempus Books, p. 188, 1986.

LINK [88] For other work in the direction of free encyclopaedias see the work of Torsten Wöllert. “Offene Enzyklopädie”: http://www.opentheory.org/enzyklopaedie/text.phtml.

LINK [89] Encyclopaedias are but one expression of a much more complex tradition. For an introduction see: F. Yates, The Art of Memory, Chicago, Chicago University Press, 1966. For details see: G. Tonelli, A Short-Title List of Subject Dictionaries of the Sixteenth, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries as Aids to the History of Ideas, London, 1971.

LINK [90] Free Internet Encyclopedia, “Your Comments,” Last updated Aug. 22, 1995: http://www2.cs.uh.edu/~clifton/com.html: “Please be advised that Encyclopaedia Britannica is the owner of federal trademark registrations 1,672,590 for the mark ‘Macropaedia’ and 1,672,591 for the mark ‘Micropaedia’.”

LINK [91] The abridged Kleine Pauly in 12 volumes initially cost DM 268/volume. See: “H. Cancik and H. Schneider (Ed.), Der Neue Pauly. Enzyklopaedie der Antike. Altertum, Band 1 (A-Ari). Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1996. Pp. liii, 577. DM 268/volume (subscription price).” Bryn Mawr Classical Review, Mar. 15, 1997: http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1997/97.03.15.html.

LINK [92] P. Noisette and T. Noisette, La bataille du logiciel libre, dix clés pour comprendre, Paris: éditions La Découverte, collection Sur le Vif, Oct., 2004. http://www.freescape.eu.org/biblio/article.php3?id_article=202.

LINK [93] J. Boyle, “A manifesto on Wipo and the Future of Intellectual Property,” Mis en ligne le mercredi 29 Sep. 2004; http://www.freescape.eu.org/biblio/article.php3?id_article=194.

LINK [94] Free office suite, Open office.org: http://www.openoffice.org.

LINK [95] The GIMP: http://www.gimp.org,

LINK [96] Inkscape: http://www.inkscape.org.

LINK [97] Blender: http://www.blender3d.org.

LINK [98] JAHSHAKA: http://www.jahshaka.com.

LINK [99] NASA, WorldWind 1.03: http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov.

LINK [100] SourceForgeNet, “Open standards and software for bibliographies and cataloging”: http://wwwsearch.sourceforge.net/bib/openbib.html.

LINK [101] R. Stallman, “The GNU Project”: http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html. cf. Richard Stallman ’ s personal site: http://www.stallman.org/.

LINK [102] Linux International, “Linux History”: http://www.li.org/linuxhistory.php ; Linux Online: http://www.linux.org/.

LINK [103] For a serious list of such alternatives see: J. Poulsen, DebianLinux.Net, “Freedom”: http://debianlinux.net/freedom.html.

LINK [104] Framasoft, “939 logiciels libres dans l’annuaire,” http://www.framasoft.net/.

LINK [105] Creative commons: http://creativecommons.org/.

LINK [106] Open Content: http://www.opencontent.org/.

LINK [107] Cover Pages, “Open Archives Initiative Releases Specification for Conveying Rights Expressions”: http://xml.coverpages.org/ni2005-05-06-a.html.

LINK [108] Proc. of the New Ways, New Technologies Conference, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta Canada, University of Calgary Press. Oct. 15, 2004.

LINK [109] Towards an Integrated Knowledge Ecosystem, A Canadian Research Strategy: http://www.kdstudy.ca/references.htm.

LINK [110] R. Bloor, “The government open source dynamic,” The Register, Jan. 7, 2005: http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/01/07/gov_open_source_dynamic/.

LINK [111] K. Regan, “Nokia, Apple Develop Open-Source, Mobile Web Browser,” Linux Insider, June 13, 2005: http://www.linuxinsider.com/rsstory/43768.html.

LINK [112] Open theory: http://www.opentheory.org/.

LINK [113] CODES:Collaborative Open Design System for Integration of Information Webs with Design and Manufacturing Tools: http://codes.edrc.cmu.edu/CODES/contents.html. Open has many meanings. The Open design Alliance is open only to a small group of industry partners. Cf. Open Design Alliance: http://www.opendwg.org/.

LINK [114] In a refinement of this approach the user can be offered a choice of seeing only a subset of the complete list which uses one of the variant names.

LINK [115] SUMS: http://sumscorp.com/develop/.

LINK [116] There is for instance the Galen Classification Workbench (ClaW): http://www.openclinical.org/dm_galenClaw.html. There are also the efforts of the Dutch WHO Collaborating Centre for the ICIDH to act as an intermediary for international classifications between WHO and the Netherlands: http://www.rivm.nl/who-fic/Annuals/Bethesda.08.doc.

LINK [117] O. Streiter and L. Voltmer, “Document Classification for Corpus-based Legal Terminology,” European Academy, Viale Druso 1, Bolzano, Italy: http://dev.eurac.edu:8080/autoren/publs/iasi/.

LINK [118] For a more detailed discussion see the author’s “Towards a Semantic Web for Culture,” JoDI (J. of Digital Information), vol. 4, no. 4, Article no. 255, Special issue on New Applications of Knowledge Organization Systems, Mar. 15, 2004: http://jodi.ecs.soton.ac.uk/Articles/v04/i04/Veltman/.

LINK [119] Dan Corner, “Some Revealing Catholic Names, Titles and Prayers To Mary”: http://www.evangelicaloutreach.org/marytitles.htm. Holy Mary Holy Mother of God; Most honored of virgins; Chosen daughter of the Father Mother of Christ; Glory of the Holy Spirit Virgin daughter of Zion, Virgin poor and humble, Virgin gentle and obedient, Handmaid of the Lord, Mother of the Lord, Helper of the Redeemed, Full of grace, Fountain of beauty, Model of virtue, Finest fruit of the redemption, Perfect disciple of Christ, Untarnished image of the Church, Woman transformed, Woman clothed with the sun, Woman crowned with stars, Gentile Lady, Gracious Lady, Our Lady, Joy of Israel, Splendor of the Church, Pride of the human race, Advocate of grace, Minister of holiness, Champion of God’s people, Queen of love, Queen of mercy, Queen of peace, Queen of angels, Queen of patriarchs and prophets, Queen of apostles and martyrs, Queen of confessors and virgins, Queen of all saints, Queen conceived without original sin, Queen assumed into heaven, Queen of all earth, Queen of heaven, Queen of the universe (pp. 190,191) From the “Litany of Loreto” Mother of the Church, Mother of Divine grace, Mother most pure; Mother of chaste love; Mother and virgin, Sinless Mother, Dearest of Mothers, Model of motherhood, Mother of good counsel; Mother of our Creator; Mother of our Savior; Virgin most wise; Virgin rightly praised; Virgin rightly renowned; Virgin most powerful; Virgin gentle in mercy; Faithful Virgin; Mirror of justice; Throne of wisdom; Cause of our joy; Shrine of the Spirit; Glory of Israel, Vessel of selfless devotion; Mystical rose; Tower of David; Tower of ivory; House of gold; Ark of the covenant; Gate of heaven; Morning star; Health of the sick; Refuge of sinners; Comfort of the troubled; Help of Christians; Queen of the rosary; Queen of peace (pp. 191,192)

LINK [120] M. Pilgrim, “What is RSS?”: http://www.mantraonnet.com/108durganames.htm.

LINK [121] http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2002/12/18/dive-into-xml.html; Webref, “Introduction to RSS”: http://www.webreference.com/authoring/languages/xml/rss/intro/.

LINK [122] The term memory institutions to describe the combination of museums, libraries and archives was introduced within the European Commission in the early 1990s and has only gradually moved towards international recognition. Some use the term cultural institutions, others speak of the ALM (archives, libraries, museums ) sector. Cf. Lorcan Dempsey, Scientific, Industrial, and Cultural Heritage: a shared approach, Ariadne, no. 22, Dec. 21, 1999: http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue22/dempsey/.

LINK [123] O. Gibson, “Coming soon: Googling the truth,” The Guardian, June 18, 2005: http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,3604,1509281,00.html.

LINK [124] Art Libraries Society of North America, Cataloging Advisory, “Anonymous Artist Relationships in the MARC 21 Bibliographic Format,” Discussion Paper 115, May 14, 1999. Cf: http://www.loc.gov /marc /marbi /dp/dp115.html. For an example from geology, see: POSC Specifications Version 2.2.2, “Classification System”: http://www.posc.org /Epicentre.2_2 /DataModel /LogicalDictionary /StandardValues /classification_system.html.

LINK [125] For an example of current approaches see: T. DiLauro, “Choosing the components of a digital infrastructure”, First Monday, no. 9: http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue9_5/dilauro/.

LINK [126] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Lang; http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~crumey/andrew_lang.html.

LINK [127] E.g. Charles Phelps (Provost, University of Rochester): “The central idea would have, the learned societies expand their role to undertake a certification process for articles, independently of whether they are submitted for, or are eventually published in the standard paper journal system. Under such a system, scholars could submit articles for review (with an agreed-upon submission fee), and the normal refereeing process of the learned society would determine whether the article qualified for their “seal of approval,” which, if received, could be affixed to any electronic version of the article as retrieved by others. With such a certification, if appropriately “honored” in processes that rely upon such certifications, including tenure and promotion in colleges and universities and grant applications from governments and foundations, the necessity to carry on with paper publication (which serves only the certification and editing processes in addition to the distribution, indexing and archiving that the computer file-server system can serve) could diminish or vanish at least in some settings. But until such refereeing, and in some settings, editorial functions are provided, the paper journal system will persist in parallel with whatever electronic system emerges.” C. E. Phelps,“The Future of Scholarly Publication. A Proposal for Change:” http://www.econ.rochester.edu/Faculty/PhelpsPapers/Phelps_paper.html.

LINK [128] arXiv monthly submission rate statistics: http://arxiv.org/show_monthly_submissions.

LINK [129] D. DeSolla, 1922-1983: http://www.asis.org/Features/Pioneers/price.htm.

LINK [130] HyperJournal Website, Core Team: http://www.hjournal.org/team.

LINK [131] HyperJournal Website, Features: http://www.hjournal.org/features. It also includes 1) Open Archive OAI-PMH protocol compliance; 2) unlimited number of scientific and editorial committees; 3) on-line anonymous peer-review.

LINK [132] P. D’Orio, “Nietzsche Open Source”: http://www.freescape.eu.org/biblio/article.php3?id_article=64.

LINK [133] P.D’Iorio, “Sharing Knowledge in Web Communities,” Open Source Models in the Humanities, University of Chicago, Apr. 26, 2004: http://cmig.uchicago.edu/diorio.htmlPogrettare. Cf. Scuola Normale, Conference: Progettare su web.Digital Libraries di parole e immagini (centri di ricerca e grandi biblioteche), Pisa, Apr., 2005: http://www.sns.it/it/strumenti/ufficiostampa/formazione/annoincorso/geografia/. For other views on the present state of scholarly communication see: R. King and E. Callahan, “Electronic journals, the Internet and scholarly publishing,” Annu. rev. of Information Science, vol. 37, pp. 127-177, 2003; R. Kling, “The Internet and unrefereed scholarly publishing,” Annu. Rev. of Information Science and Technology, vol. 38, pp. 591-631, 2004.

LINK [134] Hyperlearning, HyperMedia Platform for Electronic Research and Learning: http://www.hypernietzsche.org/doc/hyper-learning/.

LINK [135] Ashwin K Pulijala Susan Gauch , “Hierarchical Text Classification”: http://computing.breinestorm.net/classification+classes+hierarchical+concept+assigning/.

LINK [136] The challenges of linking the two National central libraries of Italy in Rome and Florence offer a case in point. Maria Patrizia Calabresi, “Two national central libraries in Italy: bibliographic co-operation or competition?,” 66th IFLA Council and General Conf., Jerusalem, Israel, Aug. 13-18, 2000: http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla66/papers/066-123e.htm.

LINK [137] E.g. Texas Woman’s University, “TWU Libraries”: http://www.twu.edu/library/res/res_thesesgen.htm.

LINK [138] Cf. S. Keene and F. Monti, “The DEER: Distributed European Electronic Resource.” Final Report, 2003. In E-Culture Net: Work Package 6, Deliverable 11a. IST-2001-37491: http://www.eculturenet.org.